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Hundreds of clinical studies on the benefits of acupuncture show that it successfully treats conditions ranging from musculoskeletal problems (back pain, neck pain, and others) to nausea, migraine headache, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and infertility.
How does acupuncture work for pain ?
Research shows it acts through sensory nerve fibers (Aδ, Aβ, C) and descending neural pathways, involving a wide range of biochemicals such as opioid and non-opioid neuropeptides, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, GABA, glutamate), cytokines, and nitric oxide.
Acupuncture analgesia relies on naturally produced opioids (enkephalins, endorphins, dynorphins, endomorphins, nociceptin) as well as non-opioid peptides like substance P, VIP, and CGRP, which is strongly linked to migraines.
A central mechanism is purinergic signaling, where acupuncture triggers adenosine and ATP pathways crucial for nerve transmission, tissue regulation, and healing. Animal and human studies show that blocking adenosine prevents acupuncture-induced pain relief, confirming its importance. Because purinergic signaling influences conditions from migraines and inflammation to cancer, Alzheimer’s, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal disorders, acupuncture may offer a safer way to regulate this system than drugs, which risk disrupting the delicate ATP/adenosine balance.
Beyond biochemistry, acupuncture also affects the nervous system directly. It induces spinal reflexes for muscle relaxation, alters brain connectivity by reducing limbic overactivity, balances the stress-regulating hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, and enhances parasympathetic activity, supporting rest, digestion, and healing.
What are acupuncture points and meridian channels ?
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), meridians (jingluo) are pathways that carry qi (vital energy) and blood throughout the body to maintain health and balance, with acupuncture points located along these channels to regulate their flow. There are 12 primary meridians, each linked to a major organ system—Lung, Large Intestine, Stomach, Spleen, Heart, Small Intestine, Bladder, Kidney, Pericardium, Triple Burner (San Jiao), Gallbladder, and Liver—which connect the body surface with deeper organs. In addition, there are 8 extraordinary meridians, which act as reservoirs and regulators of energy: the Governing Vessel (Du Mai) and Conception Vessel (Ren Mai) run along the back and front midlines; the Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) and Dai Mai (Girdling Vessel) regulate circulation and balance; while the Yin/Yang Qiao Mai (Motility Vessels) and Yin/Yang Wei Mai (Linking Vessels) coordinate movement, emotions, and the connection of yin and yang energies. Although meridians are not physical structures like blood vessels or nerves, modern research suggests they may correspond to nerve bundles, fascial planes, or bioelectric signaling pathways, helping to explain how acupuncture influences organ function, circulation, immunity, and pain regulation.
How does acupuncture support fertility and women's health?
Acupuncture may support fertility by regulating hormones through the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovarian/testicular axis, improving blood flow to the uterus and ovaries, reducing stress hormones that interfere with reproduction, and balancing overall health. In women, this can help normalize menstrual cycles, enhance ovulation, and improve the uterine lining for implantation, while in men it may increase sperm count, motility, and quality. Acupuncture is also used alongside fertility treatments such as IVF, where it has been shown to improve implantation rates and reduce side effects, making it a valuable complementary therapy for infertility.
How does acupuncture work for cancer pain ?
https://www.evidencebasedacupuncture.org/present-research/acupuncture-cancer-pain/
How does acupuncture work for Plantar Fasciitis?
https://www.evidencebasedacupuncture.org/present-research/acupuncture-plantar-fasciitis/
How acupuncture treats anxiety ?
https://www.evidencebasedacupuncture.org/present-research/acupuncture-anxiety/
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